TS-590S_In-depth_user.pdf
Distinctive Performance TS-590S HF/50 MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER Cover 2TS-590S This in-depth manual is intended to explain the features of the TS-590S and its convenient use. We hope that this manual, as a general HF transceiver guide will be of your benefit, to whoever reads this manual, whether you have already purchased a TS-590S, are thinking of purchasing of this product, or are interested in HF transceivers. All copyrights and other intellectual property rights for this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents as well as the software described in this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software are owned by Kenwood Corporation. A right to use the software described in this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software is granted to a licensee by Kenwood Corporation; however, the title to and ownership for the software shall be owned by Kenwood Corporation. Refer to this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software for details. Kenwood Corporation does not warrant that quality and performance of the software described in this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software conform to the applicability of any use, and Kenwood Corporation shall be free from liability for any defects, damage or loss, or from any warranty for anything other than what is expressly described in this in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software. Any distribution, resale, lease, waiver, assignment or disclosure on a website of all in-depth manual and relevant technical documents, and help texts and manuals attached to the software written and made by Kenwood Corporation. Microsoft, WindowsXP, Windows Vista, Windows7 and Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other product names referenced herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective manufacturers. and are omitted in this manual. The measured values exampled in this document are examples and do not guarantee the performance of the model. ABOUT THIS MANUAL About Copyright Copyright of this Manual and Software About Trademarks and Intellectual Properties Other Restrictions TS-590SI CONTENTS 1RECEPTION.1 1.1Type of Conversion.1 1.2Down Conversion.3 1.3Up Conversion.8 1.4RX Auxiliary Circuits.9 2TRANSMISSION.11 2.1Kenwood Traditional Transmitting Circuitry.11 2.1.1IF Circuits .11 2.1.2FET Final Circuit.11 2.2High-speed Relay-controlled Antenna Tuner.13 2.3REMOTE Connector .13 2.4DRV Terminal.15 3LOCAL OSCILLATOR .19 4DSP.20 4.1Multipurpose 32-bit Floating Point DSP.20 4.2Advanced AGC Control via IF Digital Processing.21 4.3Interference Elimination Within AGC Loop .23 4.3.1Digital IF Filter .23 4.3.2Types of Digital IF Filters.24 4.3.3Manual Notch Filter and Auto Notch Filter.25 4.3.4Digital Noise Blanker (NB2).26 4.4Demodulation.27 4.5Modulation.28 4.6DSP-based Auxiliary Circuits (for RX).29 4.6.1Beat Cancel (AF Processing) .29 4.6.2Noise Blanker NB2 (IF Processing) .30 4.6.3Overview of Noise Reduction .31 4.6.4NR1 (Spectral Subtraction Method) (AF Processing).32 4.6.5NR1 (Based on a Line Enhancer) (AF Processing).34 4.6.6NR2 (AF Processing).35 4.7DSP-based Auxiliary Circuits (for TX).36 4.7.1Speech Processor (AF Processing).36 4.8DSP-based Auxiliary Circuits (Common to TX/RX) .37 4.8.1TX Equalizer and the line of TS-500s represented by the TS-520S that swept the market. The product is designed as a transceiver in a preferable price-to-performance range that has sufficient features and performance for the day-to-day use and that arrives with a compact size that is convenient for operations from a fixed station as well as from a mobile station for use in any fields. One of the noteworthy planning policies is improvement of fundamental receive performance. To achieve the objective, a new structure has been employed for the front end. However, the performance of a transceiver as a whole is not determined solely by the front end. It is imperative to carefully design, in addition to the DSP and local oscillator, all the other elements including transmit performance and ease of operation in a comprehensive manner. On the TS-590S, we have also made a drastic modification to the external appearance and we are confident it has a “face” that satisfies all HF users. Following are the major features of the TS-590S: Superb receive performance and astounding adjacent dynamic range characteristics Adoption of powerful roofing filters of 500 Hz/ 2.7 kHz (During the reception in CW, FSK and SSB modes in 1.8 MHz, 3.5 MHz, 7 MHz, 21 MHz amateur bands, and if the final passband is 2.7 kHz or less, either of the filters is automatically selected.) Superior C/N (carrier-to-noise ratio) thanking to the high-precision DDS (direct digital synthesizer) Substantial reduction of noise caused by unwanted adjacent signals Adoption of a 32-bit floating point DSP to realize various functions Advanced digital AGC control realized with DSP processing of the signal derived from the IF stage A wide variety of interference removal functions including newly developed noise reductions, WIDTH/SHIFT and IF notch High-reliability design that offers stable operation Heavy-duty specifications for a rig enduring from continuous operation in a contest and similar occasions Built-in automatic antenna tuner High frequency stability of 0.5 ppm thanking to the optional SO-3 TCXO (from -10C through +50C or 33.8F to 122.0F) (The transceiver frequency is 5ppm when the SO-3 option is not installed) Outstanding operational ergonomics, more comfortable transmission and reception Easy-to-use menu structure allowing excellent operability Large-size display equipped with the selectable LED backlight from 2 colors USB port that accepts not only control signals but enables input/output of transmit/receive audio signals from a PC For details, refer to these pages providing technical explanations. PRODUCT PLANNING OBJECTIVES IICONTENTSTS-590S TS-590S was planned as the “legitimate successor to the TS-570S” after 14 years or more of time have elapsed since the first market appearance of TS-570S in 1996. TS-590S is titled with the 500s model number with the TS-570S but, needless to say, we started the development as a totally new transceiver. First, lets look back on the TS-570S. The product concepts of the TS-570S were “ease of operation” and “providing basic performance sufficient for rag-chewing and DX operation at a preferable price range”. Soon after the launch of the TS-570S, the simple exterior appearance with rounded buttons stirred both positive and negative market comments, but we have received many favorable opinions from users who actually used the transceiver, such as “Buttons are easy to press” and “Setup of functions is easy to understand”. In fact, the TS-570S employed an up-conversion circuitry configuration that was very popular at that time and provided sufficient basic performance in a transceiver having the cost-to-performance-ratio price range. The TS-570S incorporated an AF DSP, which was usually offered as an external device around that time, and received favorable reception as “a younger brother” of TS-870S that was equipped with IF DSP. The most notable feature of the TS-590S is the superior receive performance that exceeds expectations in its the cost-to-performance-ratio price range. It goes without saying, of course, that we invested as much effort in all the other elements as in the RX circuit in developing the TS-590S. In evaluating a transceiver, in addition to electrical characteristics represented by numerical data, ease of operation and visibility are also important criteria. As for ease of operation, Kenwood has been developing transceivers on the basis of operability of successive HF transceivers, to which users voices also have been reflected; therefore, we need to take the history and background into consideration while designing a product. Though the new TS-590S inherits the DNA of Kenwoods HF transceivers, new technologies and ideas are also added. We are confident that all users, from the newest user to the most experienced veteran user, will be satisfied with this transceiver. As for the development objectives and backdrop of the “totally new” portion of the product, we will reveal them in the technical explanations of the chapters subsequently. Be our guest and allow us to share the development background of the TS-590S and whats in the spirit of the development engineers. Kenwood HF Transceiver Development Team Development Spirit TS-590SCONTENTS1 1 RECEPTION Receive performance is one of the key indicators that is used to evaluate a transceiver. And, above all, the capability to protect against interference from adjacent signals close to the target signal is of the utmost importance. To attain this goal, a circuit with a good large signal behavior characteristic is used for the first mixer of the RX section. In recent years, a filter used between the mixer and the subsequent stage (roofing filter) is also gaining much attention as a very important component. About 30 years ago, an up-conversion circuit configuration (where the first IF is higher than the upper limit of RX frequency) appeared as an RX circuit design to provide general coverage receiving from LF through the HF band. This RX system was also adopted by amateur radio transceivers of the time to enable reception of overseas broadcasting and other signals outside amateur bands and, as a result, from that time on, almost all HF transceivers have been equipped with an up-conversion RX section. The passband of roofing filters used in an up-conversion RX design is typically 15 to 20 kHz. However, in the case an interfering signal is only several kHz away from the target signal, the interfering signal also passes the roofing filter and the target signal is masked first in the subsequent stage. As a result, sometimes the performance of the first mixer was not extended to the best use. That is the reason a design to switch the pass bandwidth to be 3 kHz, 6 kHz, or 15 kHz is becoming prevalent in recent transceivers. Some products can select a bandwidth as narrow as several hundred Hz and these products are very highly accepted in the market. Meanwhile, Kenwoods HF transceivers, which were designed 7 years ago or earlier, adopt roofing filters with a wide passband. Obviously, they still have satisfactory performance outside the pass bandwidth. Against this backdrop, we started the development of the TS-590S by considering the circuit type that mostly focuses on the characteristics of adjacent interference elimination. In the early stage of the TS-590Ss product development, considering the product positioning in the market, we also examined the RX design to be able to switch among the roofing filters of 3 kHz, 6 kHz and 15 kHz. However, the bandwidth of 3 kHz is too wide for CW, though it is fairly narrow for an SSB. We wanted to adopt a 500 Hz filter by all means for CW enthusiasts. However, there was a big challenge to be solved. When it comes to the pass bandwidth of a roofing filter, at a frequency as high as 73 MHz, which is Kenwoods mainstream first IF frequency, it is difficult to mass-produce filters with bandwidth as narrow as 500 Hz. To solve this problem, there was no other choice but to lower the first IF frequency. After reviewing, we decided to lower the first IF to 11.374 MHz. This is called a down-conversion design. (If the receive frequency is lower than 11.374 MHz, the operation will be up conversion. However, because the first IF is lower than the highest receive frequency (60 MHz), we call the conversion type “down conversion”.) Yet, this circuit design has a drawback. When the IF frequency that was once raised 30 years ago to provide general coverage reception is lowered again (to 8.83 MHz that was then used), images and spurious signals are produced (which are relevant not only to reception but to transmission) and these causes must be addressed one by one. Needless to say, it is technically possible to tackle individual problems but, to do so, many additional circuits and components are required, which may result in a higher product price. In terms of market positioning, TS-590S must be a product in a competitive price range having higher cost-to- performance ratio. After examining various frequency configurations, we have selected a dual-mode conversion frequency configuration for the new TS-590S to satisfy both the performance and price requirements. 1.1 Type of Conversion 1 RECEPTION 2CONTENTSTS-590S Figure 1-1 Dual-mode Conversion Frequency Configuration First, let us begin with explanation about the up-conversion path. In the up-conversion path, double-headed arrows are shown at each stage pointing in both directions. This means a transmit signal as well as a receive signal is processed in the up- conversion path. The circuit configuration is a triple-conversion design featuring an IF DSP, a typical configuration for an HF transceiver. (Replacing the IF DSP with an AF DSP and the third Mixer with a modulator and demodulator changes it to be the configuration of TS-480S.) The pass bandwidth of the filter is about 15 kHz at 73.095 MHz, and at 10.695 MHz, it varies depending on the mode and the RX bandwidth. In CW, SSB and FSK modes, the bandwidth is 2.7 kHz, in AM mode 6 kHz, and in FM mode 15 kHz. (In transmit, the signal passes the 6 kHz filter regardless of the mode. The final bandwidth is determined by the DSP.) The up-conversion path is applied only in conditions when no down-conversion path is used. Next is the down-conversion path. In the down-conversion path, only a single-ended arrow is shown at each stage. This means the down-conversion
