BOONTON 51071, 72, 75, 78, 51100, 51101, 51102 Operation 电路图.pdf

Revision Date: 12/04 MANUAL P/N 985019000E CD P/N 98501999E DATE 12/04 POWER SENSOR MANUAL Boonton Electronics A Wireless Telecom Group Company 25 Eastmans Road Parsippany, NJ 07054-0465 Web Site: Email: Telephone: 973-386-9696 Fax: 973-386-9191 RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 SAFETY SUMMARY The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation and maintenance of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instruments. Boonton Electronics Corporation assumes no liability for the customers failure to comply with these requirements. THE INSTRUMENT MUST BE GROUNDED. To minimize shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. The instrument is equipped with a three conductor, three prong AC power cable. The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three-contact electrical outlet or used with a three-contact to a two-contact adapter with the (green) grounding wire firmly connected to an electrical ground at the power outlet. DO NOT OPERATE THE INSTRUMENT IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE. Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS. Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power cable connected. Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even though the power cable was removed; therefore, always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them. DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE. Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present. DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT. Do not install substitute parts of perform any unauthorized modification of the instrument. Return the instrument to Boonton Electronics for repair to ensure that the safety features are maintained. This safety requirement symbol has been adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission, Document 66 (Central Office) 3, Paragraph 5.3, which directs that an instrument be so labeled if, for the correct use of the instrument, it is necessary to refer to the instruction manual. In this case it is recommended that reference be made to the instruction manual when connecting the instrument to the proper power source. Verify that the correct fuse is installed for the power available, and that the switch on the rear panel is set to the applicable operating voltage. The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operation procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operation procedure., practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury of loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. This SAFETY REQUIREMENT symbol has been adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission, document 66 (Central Office)3, Paragraph 5.3 which indicates hazardous voltage may be present in the vicinity of the marking. CAUTION WARNING RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Contents Power Sensor Manuali ParagraphPage 1Introduction 1-1Overview1 1-2Sensor Trade-offs1 1-3Calibration and Traceability3 2Power Sensor Characteristics5 3Power Sensor Uncertainty Factors16 4Low Frequency Response26 and Standing-Wave-Ratio (SWR) Data 5Pulsed RF Power30 5-1Pulsed RF Power Operation30 5-2Pulsed RF Operation Thermocouple Sensors31 5-3Pulsed RF Operation Diode Sensors32 6Calculating Measurement Uncertainty33 6-1Measurement Accuracy 33 6-2Error Contributions34 6-3Discussion of Error Terms34 6.4 SampleUuncertainty Calucations 39 7Warranty45 . RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Figures FigurePage 1-1Error Due to AM Modulation (Diode Sensor)2 1-2Linearity Traceability3 1-3Calibration Factor Traceability4 4-1Model 51071 Low Frequency Response26 4-2Model 51072 Low Frequency Response26 4-3Model 51075 Low Frequency Response27 4-4Model 51071 SWR Data27 4-5Model 51072 SWR Data27 4-6Model 51075 SWR Data28 4-7Model 51078 SWR Data28 4-8Model 51100 SWR Data28 4-9Model 51101 SWR Data29 4-10Model 51102 SWR Data29 5-1Pulsed RF Operation30 5-2Pulsed Accuracy for Thermocouple Sensors31 5-3Pulsed Accuracy for Diode Sensors32 6-1Mismatch Uncertainty37 Tables Table Page 2-1Dual Diode and Thermal Sensor Characteristics5 2-2Peak Power Sensor Characteristics9 2-3Legacy Diode CW Sensor Characteristics 11 2-4 Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics 13 2-5 Legacy Peak Power Sensor Characteristics 15 3-1Diode average (CW) power, peak power, dynamic range, pulse timing, waveform viewing, and calculation of statistical power distribution functions. Figure 1-1. Error Due to AM Modulation (Diode Sensor) Note:The error shown is the error above and beyond the normal power increase that results from modulation. Error (dB) -30-20-100+10+20 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10% AM Modulation 3% AM Modulation 100% AM Modulation Peak Detecting Region Square-Law Region Carrier Level (dBm) 1-3 Calibration and Traceability Boonton employs both a linearity calibration as well as a frequency response calibration. This maximizes the performance of Diode Sensors and corrects the non-linearity on all ranges. Linearity calibration can be used to extend the operating range of a Diode Sensor. It can also be used to correct non-linearity throughout a sensors dynamic range, either Thermocouple or Diode. A unique traceability benefit offered is the use of the 30 MHz working standard. This is used to perform the linearization. This standard is directly traceable to the 30 MHz piston attenuator maintained at the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). Refer to Figure 1-2. Linearity Traceability. NIST Microcalorimeter NIST Piston Attenuator 0 dBm Test Set Fixed Attenuators 30 MHz Working Standard Linearity Calibration Meter above +14 dBm for sensor 51015; above +24 dBm for sensor 51033 3) Power Linearity Uncertainty at 50 MHz: <10 dBm: 1% for 51011, 51012, 51013, 51015, and 51033 sensors. 10 to 20 dBm: 1% for 51015 and 51033 sensors; 3% for 51011, 51012 and 51013 sensors. 20 to 33 dBm: 3% for 51015 and 51033 sensors. 30 to 37 dBm: 3% for 51078 sensor. 4) Power Linearity Uncertainty 30/50 MHz. -30 to -10 dBm: 6% (0.27 dB), -10 to +10 dBm: 4% (0.18 dB) 5) Temperature influence: 0.02 dB/C ( 0 to 25C), 0.01 dB/C (25 to 55C) 6) Temperature influence: 0.03 dB/C (0 to 55C) 7) Temperature influence: -30 to -10 dBm: 0.03 dB/C, -10 to +10 dBm: 0.01 dB/C (0 to 55C) 8) Not available on 4200 series. 12Power Sensor Manual Table 2-4. Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Maximum SWR Drift and Noise Lowest Range Impedance(Ref. Freq.) (2) Drift Noise RF ConnectorCW PowerFrequency SWRafter 2 hr.RMS2 (dBm)(GHz)(/hr)(typical) WAVEGUIDE SENSORS 51035 (4K)18 GHz-50 to +10100 mW18 to 26.51.45200 pW60 pW120 pW WR-42to 26.5 GHz (1) UG-595/U 51036 (4KA)26.5 GHz-50 to +10100 mW26.5 to 401.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-28to 40 GHz (1) UG-599/U 51037 (4Q)33 GHz-50 to +10100 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz UG-383/U 51045 (4U)40 GHz-50 to +10100 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHz UG-383/U 51046 (4V)50 GHz-50 to +10100 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHz UG-385/U 51047 (4W)75 GHz-45 to +10100 mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHz UG-387/U 51136 (4Ka)26.5-40 to +1050 mW26.5 to 401.45100 pW60 pW120 pW WR-28to 40 GHz (UG-599/U)(33 GHz) 51236 (4Ka)26.5-50 to +1050 mW26.5 to 401.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-28to 40 GHz (UG-599/U)(33 GHz) 51137 (4Q)33-40 to +1050 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz (UG-383/U)(40 GHz) 51237 (4Q)33-50 to +1050 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz (UG-383/U)(40 GHz) Power Sensor Manual13 Table 2-4. Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics (cont.) Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Maximum SWR Drift and Noise Lowest Range Impedance(Ref. Freq.) (2) Drift Noise RF ConnectorCW PowerFrequency SWRafter 2 hr.RMS2 (dBm)(GHz)(/hr)(typical) WAVEGUIDE SENSORS 51145 (4U)40-40 50 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-383/U)(50 GHz) 51245 (4U)40-50 50 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-383/U)(50 GHz) 51146 (4V)50-40 50 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-385/U)(60 GHz) 51246 (4V)50-50 50 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-385/U)(60 GHz) 51147 (4V)75-40 50 mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-387/U)(94 GHz) 51247 (4V)75-50 50 mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-387/U)(94 GHz) NOTES: 1) -40 to +10 dBm Dynamic Range if used with Model 4200A. 2) Uncertainties: a) Power Linearity Uncertainty at Reference Frequency: +/- 0.5 dB b) Cal Factor Uncertainty: +/- 0.6 dB c) Additional Linearity Uncertainty (referred to -10 dBm): +/- 0.01 dB/dB 14Power Sensor Manual Sensor characteristics of Boonton legacy Peak Power Sensors are presented in table 2-5. This data is presented for reference only. Contact the sales department for availability. Table 2-5. Legacy Peak Power Sensor Characteristics Model FrequencyPower Overload Rise TimeMaximum SWRDrift UCalFactor = ( F - F1 ) * ( CF2 - CF1 ) / ( F2 - F1 ) + CF1 where; F = 10.3 F1 = 10CF1 = 4.0 F2 = 11CF2 = 4.3 = ( 10.3 - 10.0 ) * ( 4.3 - 4.0 ) / ( 11.0 - 10.0 ) + 4.0 = ( 0.3 ) * ( 0.3 ) / ( 1.0 ) + 4.0 = ( 0.3 ) * ( 0.3 ) + 4.0 = 4.09 % Step 10: Now that each of the individual uncertainty terms has been determined, we can create an uncertainty budget and calculate the combined standard uncertainty (Uc) . Source ofSymbolValueProbabiltyDivisorUstd Uncertainty(+/- %)Distribution (+/- %) InstrumentI0.10normal20.05 Calibrator Level R2.45rectangular ( 3 )0.51.41 Mismatch MC0.34U-shaped ( 2 )0.50.24 Source Mismatch MS6.68U-shaped ( 2 )0.54.72 Sensor Shaping S 1.00rectangular ( 3 )0.50.58 Temp. Drift T0rectangular ( 3 )0.50.00 NoiseN0.95normal20.48 Zero drift Z1.58rectangular ( 3 )0.50.91 Cal FactorK4.09normal22.05 Combined StandardUcnormal5.47 Uncertainty ExpandedUnormal10.94 Uncertainty(k=2) Power Sensor Manual41 From the previous example, it can be seen that the two largest contributions to the combined standard uncertainty are the source mismatch, and the sensor calfactor. Typical Example #2: Model 57518 Peak Power Sensor Measurement conditions: Source Frequency:900 MHz Source Power:13 dBm (20mW) Source SWR :1.12 (reflection coefficient = 0.057) at 900 MHz AutoCal Source:External 2530 1GHz Calibrator AutoCal Temperature:38C Current Temperature:49C In this example, we will assume that an AutoCal was performed on the sensor earlier in the day, so time and temperature drift may play a role in the uncertainty. Step 1: The Instrument Uncertainty figure for the 4530 Series is 0.20%. Since it has been a while since AutoCal, well use the published figure. UInstrument = 0.20% Step 2: The Calibrator Level Uncertainty for the Model 2530 1GHz external calibrator may be calculated from the calibrators specification. The 0dBm uncertainty is 0.065dB, or 1.51%. To this figure, we must add 0.03dB or 0.69% per 5dB step from 0dBm. 13dBm is 2.6 5dB steps (13/5) away from 0dBm. Any fraction must always be rounded to the next highest whole number, so were 3 steps away. UCalLevel = ( 1.51% + ( 3 * 0.69% ) = 3.11% Step 3: The Calibrator Mismatch Uncertainty is calculated using the formula in the previous section, using the 2530 calibrators published figure for DCAL and calculating the value DSNSR from the SWR specification outlined in Section 2 of this manual. DCAL = 0.091 (external 2530 calibrators reflection coefficient at 1GHz) DSNSR = (1.15 - 1) / (1.15 + 1) = 0.070 (calculated reflection coefficient of 57518, max SWR = 1.15 at 1 GHz) UCalMismatch = 2 * DCAL * DSNSR * 100 % = 2 * 0.091 * 0.070 * 100 % = 1.27% 42Power Sensor Manual Step 4: The Source Mismatch Uncertainty is calculated using the formula in the previous section, using the DUTs specification for DSRCE and calculating the value DSNSR from the SWR specification found in Section 2. DSRCE = 0.057 (source reflection coefficient at 900 MHz) DSNSR = (1.15 - 1) / (1.15 + 1) ) = 0.070 (calculated reflection coefficient of 57518, max SWR = 1.15 at 0.9 GHz) USourceMismatch = 2 * DSRCE * DSNSR * 100 % = 2 * 0.057 * 0.070 * 100 % = 0.80% Step 5: The uncertainty caused by Sensor Shaping Error for a 57518 peak sensor is 4% at all levels (from table 2-2). But since were measuring at 900MHz, which is very close to the 1GHz AutoCal frequency, well assume that the frequency-dependent portion of the shaping error becomes very small, and well estimate that 2% remains. UShapingError = 2.0 % Step 6: The Sensor Temperature Drift Error depends on how far the temperature has drifted from the sensor calibration temperature, and the temperature coefficient of the sensor. In our case, we are using a temperature compensated sensor, and the temperature has drifted by 11 degrees C (49C - 38C) from the AutoCal temperature. We will use the equation in the previous section to calculate sensor temperature drift uncertainty. USnsrTempDrift = ( 0.93% + 0.069% / C) = ( 0.93 + ( 0.069 * 11.0 ) ) % = 1.69 % Step 7: This is a relatively high-level measurement, so the noise contribution of the sensor is probably negligible, but well calculate it anyway. Well assume modulate mode with default filtering. The signal level is 13dBm, or 20mW. The “noise and drift” specification for the 57518 sensor is 50nW, from Table 2-2 (Peak Power Sensor Characteristics). Noise uncertainty is the ratio of these two figures. UNoise F = 0.9 F1 = 0.5CF1 = 1.6 F2 = 1.0CF2 = 0.0 = ( 00.9 - 00.5 ) * ( 0.0 - 1.6 ) / ( 1.0 - 0.5 ) + 1.6 = ( 0.4 ) * ( -1.6 ) / ( 0.5 ) + 1.6 = ( 0.4 ) * ( -1.6 ) + 1.6 = 0.32 % Step 10: Now that each of the individual uncertainty terms has been determined, we can create an uncertainty budget and calculate the combined standard uncertainty (Uc) . Source ofSymbolValueProbabiltyDivisorUstd Uncertainty(+/- %)Distribution (+/- %) InstrumentI0.2normal20.10 Calibrator Level R3.11rectangular ( 3 )0.51.80 Mismatch MC1.27U-shaped ( 2 )0.50.90 Source Mismatch MS0.80U-shaped ( 2 )0.50.57 Sensor Shaping S 2.00rectangular ( 3 )0.51.15 Temp. Drift