Bird Wattmeters (several models) (2004 ed.) WW 电路图.pdf

INSTRUCTION BOOK RF DIRECTIONAL THRULINE WATTMETER MODEL 43 Also Covers Models 4431, 43P And Series 4300, 4520 Copyright 2004 by Bird Electronic Corporation Instruction Book Part Number 920-43 Rev. E Thruline and Termaline are registered trademarks of Bird Electronic Corporation RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 i Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and applied to all phases of operation and maintenance. Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions. Do not replace components or make adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always remove power. Shock Hazard Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while RF power is present. Radiated RF power is a potential health hazard. Do Not Service or Adjust Alone Under no circumstances should any person reach into an enclosure to service or adjust the equipment except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid. Safety Earth Ground An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be supplied from the main power source to test instruments. Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can occur if this grounding is not properly installed. Resuscitation Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Bird Model 43 Wattmeter ii Safety Symbols This symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is important information in the instruction manual regarding that particular area. ?NOTE: Calls attention to supplemental information Warning Statements The following warnings appear in the text where there is danger to operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis. WARNING Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in personal injury. CAUTION Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in damage to the instrument. WARNING Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard. Never attempt to connect or disconnect equipment from the transmission line while RF power is being applied. Severe burns, electrical shock, or death can occur. WARNING When working with RF powers of 200 watts or more, the potential of the center conductor of the line section will be over 100 volts. Do not touch the center conductor while RF power is on. iii Caution Statements The following equipment cautions appear in the text whenever the equipment is in danger of damage, and are repeated here for emphasis. Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENTS SAFETY PROTECTION. USO EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. CAUTION For low reflection measurements, do not rotate the reflected power element to read forward power. Damage to the element or wattmeter could result. CAUTION Handle elements with care. Calibration could be disturbed if they are dropped. CAUTION Do not attempt to remove the RF center conductor. This will damage the line section. Bird Model 43 Wattmeter iv BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRCHTIGT WERDEN. UTILISATION TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI NEST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE LINSTRUMENT. IMPIEGO QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA. SERVICE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. SERVICIO LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE EST CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO. WARTUNG v ANWEISUNGEN FR DIE WARTUNG DES GERTES GELTEN NUR FR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL. ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIELICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFHREN. ENTRENTIEN LEMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS DENTRETIEN DOIT TRE RSERV AU PERSONNEL FORM AUX OPRATIONS DENTRETIEN. POUR PRVENIR UN CHOC LECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER DENTRETIEN SI LON NA PAS T QUALIFI POUR CE FAIRE. RF VOLTAGE MAY BE PRESENT IN RF ELEMENT SOCKET - KEEP ELEMENT IN SOCKET DURING OPERATION. DE LA TENSION H.F. PEAT TRE PRSENTE DANS LA PRISE DE LLMENT H.F. - CONSERVER LLMENT DANS LA PRISE LORS DE LEMPLOI. HF-SPANNUNG KANN IN DER HF-ELEMENT-BUCHSE ANSTEHEN - ELEMENT WHREND DES BETRIEBS EINGESTPSELT LASSEN. PUEDE HABER VOLTAJE RF EN EL ENCHUFE DEL ELEMENTO RF - MANTENGA EL ELEMENTO EN EL ENCHUFE DURANTE LA OPERACION. IL PORTAELEMENTO RF PU PRESENTARE VOLTAGGIO RF - TENERE LELEMENTO NELLA PRESA DURANTE IL FUNZIONAMENTO. Bird Model 43 Wattmeter vi About This Manual This instruction book covers RF Directional Thruline Wattmeters Models: This instruction book is arranged so that essential safety information appears in the front of the book. Reading the Safety Precautions Section before operating the equipment is strongly advised. The remainder of this Instruction Book is divided into Chapters and Sections. At the beginning of each chapter, a general overview describes the contents of that chapter. Operation First time users should read Chapter 1 - Introduction, Chapter 3 - Installation, and Chapter 2 - Theory of Operation, to get an overview of equipment capabilities and installation. Specifications are provided in Chapter 7 - Specifications. An experienced operator can refer to Chapter 4 - Operating Instructions. All instructions necessary to operate the equipment appears in this chapter. If you are not using the Model 43, refer to Chapter 6 - Model Differences for instructions specific to your unit. Maintenance All personnel should be familiar with the preventive maintenance found in Chapter 5 - Maintenance. If a failure should occur, the troubleshooting section will aid in isolating and correcting the cause. 4343P4305A4431 452145224523452545264527 vii Changes to This Manual We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you should discover any errors or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send your comment to our factory. This manual may be periodically updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number and revision level on the title page. Table of Contents Safety Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Purpose and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Performance Characteristics and Capabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Travelling Wave Viewpoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Coupling Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Load Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Standing Wave vs. Travelling Wave Viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 vs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Low Reflection Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Transmitter Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Component Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Impedance Mismatch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Operating Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Normal Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Load Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Contact Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Zero Adjust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Bird 43 Replacement Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Available “QC” Type Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Model Differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Bird 43P Peak Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Peak Detector Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Rectangular Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Peak Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Bird 4305A Thruline Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Bird 4305A Replacement Parts List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Bird 4431 Thruline Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Bird 4431 Replacement Parts List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Bird 4520 Series Thruline Wattmeters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Bird 4520 Series Replacement Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 1 Chapter 1Introduction Purpose and Function This manual covers the operation of the Bird 43 Thruline Wattmeter and its descendants. Two models have RF sampler ports, while the Bird 43P can measure peak power. The Bird 4520 series come ready for panel mounting. Differences are discussed in Chapter 6, on page 35. Except where indicated, instructions and specifications for the 43 apply to other models also. The 43 is an insertion-type RF wattmeter, designed to measure RF power and load match in 50 ohm coaxial transmission lines. It is intended for use with CW, AM, FM, and TV modulation, but not pulse modulation. When used in 50 ohm applications, the 43 has a maximum VSWR of 1.05 for frequencies up to 1000 MHz. The meter provides direct readings in watts with an expanded scale for easy reading. The scale is graduated for 25, 50, and 100 full scale. Elements are available in a variety of power and frequency ranges (see the Bird Electronic Corporation Catalog for details). Performance Characteristics and Capabilities The Bird 43 is portable, with an attached carrying strap. It has an aluminum housing and an easily removed back cover, with bumpers on the base and back that allow the meter to stand or lie flat. For additional protection, the microammeter is specially shock mounted. A slotted screw on the lower front face of the meter is used to zero the pointer. Below the meter face, the RF line section protrudes slightly from the wattmeter housing with the element socket in the center. Bird Model 43 Wattmeter 2 A shielded cable connects the RF line section to the rest of the wattmeter. This lets you remove the line section from the wattmeter housing for custom installation and still make measurements. The RF line section is precision machined to provide the best possible impedance match to the transmission line under test. A formed phosphor-bronze spring finger protrudes into the element socket to make contact with the element. At each end of the line section are Bird Quick-Change RF connectors that may be interchanged with any other Bird “QC” connector. The wattmeter housing does not interfere with connector changes. To make measurements, a Bird Plug-In Element is inserted into the line section socket and rotated against one of the stops. A small catch in the corner of the socket face presses on the shoulder of the element to keep it in proper alignment. This assures good contact between the spring finger and the element contact and between the lower edge of the element and the line section body (see Figure 1). Contacts on opposite sides of the element connect with the spring finger when the element is in the forward or reverse position. This occurs when the stop pin on the element is against either stop and the catch is in place. Figure 1 Securing an element 3 Figure 2 Bird 43 Thruline Wattmeter Outline Drawing Bird Model 43 Wattmeter 4 5 Chapter 2Theory of Operation Travelling Wave Viewpoint The easiest way to visualize Thruline operation is from a travelling wave viewpoint. In transmission lines the voltages, currents, standing waves, etc., on any uniform line section result from the interaction of two travelling waves: ? The forward wave (and its power) travels from the source to the load. It has RF voltage Ef and current If in phase, with Ef / If = Zo. ? The reflected wave (and its power) originates by reflection at the load and travels from the load back to the source. It has an RF voltage Er and current Ir in phase, with Er / Ir = Z