RF-system_PMSDR_user_v1.pdf

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1、 Software-Defined-Radio for HF and VHF PMSDR Software-Defined Radio for HF and VHF v1.0 - Apr. 2011 “From Factory to Field Usage” Copyright Notice Without prior express written permission from RFSYSTEM , this manual may not be transferred either in complete or excerpted form, using electronic or mec

2、hanical methods, duplicated, or copied or otherwise transcribed by whatever method. Information contained in the Manual may change without prior notification, and such changes imply no obligations on RFSYSTEM . . Copyright 2011 RF-SYSTEM http:/www.rfsystem.it http:/www.iw3aut.altervista.org Introduc

3、tion 3 Contents Introduction 4 Assembly Instructions 6 PMSDR Circuit Board 10 Optional Display 13 Optional Enclosure 16 Optional T/R Switch 17 Optional VHF/UHF Down-Converter 22 Driver and Software Installation 26 Specifics for the PC Software Program HDSDR 33 Choice of a Suitable Soundcard 37 Testi

4、ng the Soundcard / Soundcard Tester 39 Installing the DLL 44 Techniques for Use with HDSDR (Pan-Adapter) 50 Ways of using the EXTIO_PMSDR.INI 64 FM Reception in 3rd Harmonic-Mode 69 Examples DREAM 73 PowerSDR-IQ 77 Winrad Variants 82 Firmware Updates 85 Accessories Lab Report 93 Circuit Diagrams 99

5、Trouble Shooting/Test Points 102 Appendix I Introduction to the Fundamentals of SDR Technology 105 PMSDR Block Diagram 113 References, Links, Legends 115 Panadapter Mode: Quick Outline 117 Appendix II PMSDR Software-Defined- Radio). The concepts applied here produce a clean output spectrum, very low

6、 phase noise, and an almost unbeatable cost/capability ratio. This way, one may produce a small but capable SDR receiver with a general suitability over the complete shortwave domain. The control connection to the PC, as well as the DC power, takes place through a USB connection. The I/Q outputs are

7、 connected to the stereo line input of the PCs soundcard. Audio is available via either headphones or loudspeaker. Fig. 1: PC-PMSDR Connections This offers a simple and capable solution for all conceivable options for long and shortwave reception. A novel use of oscillator overtones makes even VHF r

8、eception possible, with only a small loss of sensitivity. Reception is also possible in the 2m amateur band (144MHz), without an additional converter. If there is concern over restrictions imposed by this method, an optional down-converter is available. Free Software Ultimately, reception takes plac

9、e on the PC via free software. The connecting link between the hardware and the control software is a so-called DLL (Dynamic Link Library). This DLL contains program code used by both the PMSDR and the PC control software. With this DLL, PMSDR possesses wide ranging capabilities. Among others, it wi

10、ll function as a bidirectional, tunable Panadapter. There are many additional options, interconnection possibilities, and CAT-Interfaces to other programs as well, including several transceivers that are already available, or being continuously adapted and further developed. PMSDR works optimally an

11、d with support of all the capabilities offered by the DLL mentioned above, with the outstanding software program “Winrad.“ Winrad was first developed for Windows by Alberto (I2PHD), but unfortunately this software was not further developed by its author. Alberto graciously placed the source code in

12、the public domain. Capable individuals are continuously developing these programs. Construction Notes 5 On the accompanying CD you will find the most current Winrad version in its original form 3 as well as its extension as HDSDR 8 (previously WinradHD), and WRplus 10. There has been a further very

13、significant development in a program called WinradF 9. Unfortunately the link to the home page of this author is inactive, and at present no one knows if this important beginning will be followed further. With a loss of a bit of operator convenience, PMSDR can also operate with PowerSDR-IQ, with G8J

14、CFSDR Software, as well as with the SDR Shell for Linux. All modes can be received with this software. Virtual interfaces (additional software, for example: VAC, Com0Com, VSPE; on the CD) make possible operation with other software, for example that for digital modes. The Receiver The receiver in th

15、e PMSDR is designed to be a highly capable all- band receiver for the frequency range 0.1-55 MHz. Thanks to the excellent properties of the mixer, supported by automatically switched preselection filters, the large signal behavior is unusually good. Experiments with the large 40m full- size loop fro

16、m the QRP-Project 5 have demonstrated that the PMSDR shows that it can, even in the evening hours, and without a preselector, receive the weakest amateur signals. Therefore, PMSDR is an ideal tool for monitoring for the amateur radio operator as well as for the shortwave listener. Even friends of th

17、e “magic band“ can listen in on the activity of the 50 MHz band without difficulty. Requirements on the PC The requirements on the capabilities of the PC are not severe. Even running the system on a netbook causes no problems with PMSDR. Further Development PMSDR is continuously in development. Plea

18、se visit the developers web site on a regular basis 1. You will probably find a current DLL, or also new Firmware which can be quickly installed in PMSDR over the USB connection. You will find detailed technical information in an Appendix. Construction Notes 6 Construction Notes This kit is tailored

19、 to meet your particular requirements. All parts that are really difficult to handle (surface mount devices) have been installed on the circuit boards by professional circuit board producers using automatic positioning devices. To complete the kit, only the installation of the uncritical, larger com

20、ponents (such as LEDs, headers, sockets, crystals, and so forth) remains. This requires no experience soldering SMD components, greatly facilitating the mounting process. One estimates the necessary time for assembly of the main circuit board and enclosure to be approximately one hour! With a suitab

21、le antenna, you are quickly on target to hear your first stations. The Kits The scope of delivery varies considerably, according to your needs. Fig. 2: PMSDR Kit Figure 2 shows only the PMSDR Kit, which can be expanded at any time by adding Display, Enclosure, T/R Switch (Switchboard) and Down- Conv

22、erter. Fig. 3: Enclosure Kit Fig. 4: Display Kit Fig. 5: Down-Converter Kit Construction Notes 7 Fig. 6: Switchboard T/R Kit Protect against Static Electricity! During soldering and when handling the boards, one must be certain to provide full protection against static electricity. Electrostatic dis

23、charge can easily destroy the chips on the circuit boards. Such damage can cause later difficulty in troubleshooting and in localizing problems. A grounding strap or wrist band is not absolutely necessary, but if you have one, use it. Touching a grounded surface, such as a nearby radiator or the ext

24、erior of your soldering station is sufficient. IF you should feel a static discharge (a “shock”), regard this as “Level Red” and look for the reason. Are you perhaps standing on a carpet? If so, use a different workplace. If you are wearing felt or fur slippers, immediately change to other shoes (or

25、 work barefoot). Components that are particularly static-sensitive are marked in the parts list and specifically pointed out in the assembly instructions. Be sure to leave these parts in their antistatic packaging until you are actually ready to use them. The packaging consists either of an antistat

26、ic plastic bag, or conductive plastic foam into which the leads of the parts are inserted. Soldering If this is your first experience with soldering on circuit boards, please definitely read further. The experienced among you can skip this section without further ado. Tools needed: You will find the

27、 following set of tools to be adequate: -Solder: ca. 0.5 to 0.7mm -Desoldering braid: 2.5mm -Soldering iron: ca. 30 to 50 watt, best if temperature regulated and with a narrow chisel tip. -A small electronics sidecutter and various screwdrivers will be useful. -A particularly useful device is a “thi

28、rd hand,” which greatly facilitates the work. Circuit board holders of various types are available (vide 6 or 7). Fig. 7: Third Hand Construction Notes 8 All circuit boards are double sided, and all holes are plated through. This means that one does not have to (and should not!) solder on the compon

29、ent side of the boards. In a few cases (changes in the enclosure originating with the vendor), it may become necessary to place a component on the conductor side of the board. Always work with a preheated soldering iron. If you are able to set the temperature of the iron, use 350C to 400C. Use a min

30、imal soldering time! Beginners, particularly, have a tendency to stay on a solder point too long, detaching a conductor trace and applying an excess of solder. One should never use any additional soldering aids such as liquid flux, soldering paste. Modern-day solder for electronics use contains a co

31、re of flux that already serves this purpose. Lead-Free, If You Please! At present, there are solders of various compositions. The high toxic lead content makes it necessary to comply with the provisions of EHS! During soldering, do not place your nose directly in the smoke coming from the operation!

32、 Commercially- available so-called environmentally friendly solder has not been proven in practice. The cheapest and most widely used alloy, called Sn64Pb36, consists of 64% tin and 36% lead. Compositions with 2% copper or silver have a lower melting point, which makes the soldering somewhat easier,

33、 and the joints are noticeably shiny. The latter has of course no particular electrical significance, but pleases many hobbyists. Whether you use silver or copper based solder makes no real difference except to your wallet! 30-50 Watt Soldering Station A soldering station that works with low voltage

34、 and potential equalization is optimum. Please do not use one of the old soldering iron models, in which the tip is inserted into the core and held in place by a screw. In this old style iron, the tip is often poorly held in the heating element and has, on this account, very poor heat transfer. If y

35、ou need to buy a new iron, please buy a modern one. These irons have a plated tip and are pre-tinned. Keep the soldering iron tip clean as you work. Use a damp sponge or a damp cloth to clean the tip regularly. An 0.8 to 1.0 mm tip is ideal for normal circuit board traces. For large-area surfaces, t

36、his kind of tip is not really suitable, and a somewhat broader tip (so-called chisel point) is advantageous because of the improved heat transfer. At least these two tip types are useful. They can be interchanged when it becomes necessary to solder, e.g., some large flat surface. Only heat the point

37、 being soldered just sufficiently to give a good connection. A small circuit board holder makes working on the board easier. Construction Notes 9 In cross-section, correct and incorrect solder joints appear as shown below: Fig. 8: Solder joints Good: The solder joint is concave in shape. Poor: The j

38、oint is lumpy and saturated with solder. Touch the board trace and the component connection at the same time with the soldering tip. Apply the solder within one or two seconds. First take away the solder, and then the tip of the iron. Be sparing with the solder; too much solder may cause solder brid

39、ges to neighboring components. If you dont notice such a bridge while soldering, it can be very difficult to find at a later time. If a solder bridge occurs, remove it carefully with desoldering braid. This is described in the next section. All components should, in so far as possible, be in contact

40、 with the board surface. This has nothing to do with aesthetics, but is a necessity in high frequency technique. Accordingly, resistors lie with their body flat on the circuit board unless of course they are to be installed vertically. Capacitors are likewise installed against the board. In other wo

41、rds, there are no components with long legs. (These are to be found elsewhere . ) Desoldering When desoldering, only apply heat for a minimal time, to avoid detaching the circuit trace from the board. If you need to completely remove a component again, cut it with the side cutter in such a way that

42、each lead is individually left. In the case of a resistor for example, cut both leads close to the body. In the case of transistors, 3 leads are left, and on an IC, cut all the leads, close to the body of the IC. There are now two ways to proceed: If you have a helper (Wife, son daughter, friend; no

43、t necessarily an expert) the rest is quite simple: your helper pulls the free leads one after another on your command with a tweezer as the soldering iron is applied on the opposite side with just enough heat to melt it free;. If you dont have someone to assist, both heating and extraction must be c

44、leverly executed at the same time. Construction Notes 10 This works best with the aid of a stable board holder, as mentioned above. When the leads have been removed, then the component hole(s) can be cleaned with desoldering braid. Use braid with a width of 2.5 mm, and always work with a clean, fres

45、h piece. Cut and discard used pieces of the braid before using it anew. Put a small surface of the braid on the solder point, then put your soldering iron lightly against the braid, until the solder is sucked up into the copper. The component can then be easily removed, replaced, and soldered cleanl

46、y in place. Use a circuit board holder, as we have mentioned several times already. This frees both hands, and also makes the re- soldering go much more simply! Since soldering is a general part of electronics assembly, we give here a URL containing videos dealing with a wide variety of situations:

47、Filling the PMSDR Board Lets start with the installation of a few of the remaining additional components. Refer to the color- coded diagram, Fig. 9. Take care that the BNC jacks lie flat on the board. If this is done, their leading edge is exactly parallel to the PCB edge. Fig. 9: Insertion Diagram,

48、 PMSDR- Board Parts / Locations: Red: Crystal Orange: 3x USB/BNC Jacks Green: 2x 2-rowed headers Yellow: LED Block Violet: HF-Transformer Bright Blue: 3x 1-rowed headers Dark Blue: 2x Buttons Check the box when each component type is installed. Crystal: The orientation of the crystal is immaterial. Crystal Headers: (vide also Page 14!) Headers are always mounted with the short ends inserted into the circuit board. Make sure that they sit flat on the board surface. 2-Rowed Header (2x10 PINs) 2-Rowed Header (2x 8 PINs) The double LED block must also sit squarely and parallel, aligned with the