AN-9909_Gigatronics_Sensor_Care 电路图.pdf

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1、Giga-tronics Sensor Care g Training AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care1Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Giga-tronics Sensor Care g Training Product Overview M kiAtMt Making Accurate Measurements Sensor Failures at Northrop-Grummanp Physical Care an

2、d Handling Questions and Answers AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 2Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Product Overview What are Power Sensors? What are Power Sensors? Devices rectify RF energy to a DC voltage. Diode and Thermal Sensors Giga-tronics

3、 uses Diode Sensors All Giga-tronics Sensors are DC Coupled Vdc 0 AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 3Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Product Overview Diode Sensor Advantage Diode Sensor Advantage Thermal sensors respond slowly Fast - capable of t

4、racking rapid power changes Measure peak modulated power when designed with proper video bandwidth Vdc 0 AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 4Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Product Overview Non-Linear Region Characterization Characterization during calibration Vout Squar

5、e Law Region Square Law region from -70 to -20 dBm Powerin -70dBm-20dBm+20dBm Non-linear characteristics from -30 to +20 dBm identified during calibration and corrected during measurement AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 5Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Product Overvie

6、w Giga-tronics Sensor Calibration TechniquesGiga tronics Sensor Calibration Techniques Programmable Atten. Programmable 1 dB steps DAC Thermistor ADC Thermistor used in a patented swept power bridge circuit provides NIST-traceable 90 dB dynamic rangecircuit provides NIST traceable 90 dB dynamic rang

7、e AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 6Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Product Overview Connector Types 18 GHz18 GHz Type N Type K True RMS and 1 Watt Models only Type K, True RMS and 1 Watt Models only APC 7 26 and 40 GHz 26 and 40 GHz Type K AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor

8、Care 7Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Sensor Specifications 80300A CW Sensor Series 10 MHz to 40 GHz (Sensor Dependent) 100 kHz Frequency Range w/ Option 10 Maximum Power to 50 Watts (47 dBm) Continuous Amplitude Signals Only Connector TypesConnector Types Type N to 18

9、 GHz Type K to 40 GHz Type K to 40 GHz AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 8 Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Sensor Specifications 80350A Peak Sensor Series 45 MHz to 40 GHz (Sensor Dependent) CW and Pulsed RF Applications Rise TimeRise Time 100 nsec., 75 nsec. typical 50

10、 nsec., 40 nsec. typical with Configuration 418 Settling Time - 250 nsec. (50% to 3%) Sample Delay20 nsec to 104 msec Sample Delay - -20 nsec. to 104 msec. AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 9Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Sensor Specifications Modulation Sensor Series

11、10 MHz to 18 GHz Video Bandwidths 40 kHz 80400A series 40 kHz 80400A series 1.5 MHz 80600A series 10 MHz 80700A series Connector Typesyp Type N to 18 GHz AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 10Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Power Measurement Accuracy AN-9909 Giga-tronics

12、Sensor Care 11Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Power Measurement Accuracy 8 Factors considered when calculating measurement uncertainty:measurement uncertainty: Instrumentation linearity Sensor power linearitypy Calibrator uncertainty Calibrator/sensor mismatchCalibrato

13、r/sensor mismatch Calibration factor uncertainty Zero ErrorZero Error Noise Mismatch sensor/source Mismatch sensor/source AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 12Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Making Accurate Measurements Sources of Measurement ErrorsSources of Measurement

14、 Errors N t Zithtfl Not Zeroing the meter for low power measurements VSWR Changes in temperatureChanges in temperature Exceeding Sensor Video Bandwidth AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 13Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Power Measurement Accuracy Low Power Measurements

15、Lowest 15 dB dynamic range “Zero” meter to the source Start from low power settingpg AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 14Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Power Measurement Accuracy Measurement Uncertainty: Noise Zero Error M tifl Meter noise floor Significant in the last

16、 15 dB of dynamicSignificant in the last 15 dB of dynamic range e g Noise specification= +/ 50 pW( 73 e.g. Noise specification= +/- 50 pW (-73 dBm), Signal measured = -63 dBm (0.5 nW) Noise Error = 50pW / 0.5 nW = 10% (0.4 dB)dB) AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 15Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorpo

17、rated. All Rights Reserved. Measurement Uncertainty: Sensor/SourceMismatchSensor / Source Mismatch AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 16Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Making Accurate Measurements Exceeding Sensor Video Bandwidthg Two Tone Measurement 8650A w/ 80401A 0 H

18、z bandwidth 40 kHz bandwidth 8 MH bd idth Modulated Average Power 0.8 0.9 8 MHz bandwidth 0.5 0.6 0.7 wo 890 MHz signals 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 wer dBr relative to tw -0.1 0 -60-50-40-30-20-100 Absolute Power Pow Absolute Power AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 17Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. Al

19、l Rights Reserved. Making Accurate Measurements DC Levels in the RF Path All GitiSDC All Giga-tronics Sensors are DC coupled RF source must not have DC present on outputp AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 18Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Making Accurate Measurements Ma

20、ximum Power Ratingsg All Di dShi All Diode Sensors have a maximum rating of +23 dBm (200 mW) Rating applies for CW and Peak Levels High Power Sensors use Attenuators to reduce the power toAttenuators to reduce the power to the diode element AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 19Copyright 2009 Giga-tron

21、ics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Sensor Failure Types:yp Operational/Test Physical Damage Miscellaneous AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 20Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Handling Giga-tronics Sensors Inspecting and Cleaning Sensor Conn

22、ectorsConnectors Making a Proper Connectiongp AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 21Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Handling Giga-tronics Sensors Observe ESD precautions at all times! Know the approximate levels being tested Know the approximate

23、 levels being tested Do not place sensors in locations where they can be easily dropped Never strain sensor body once connectedNever strain sensor body once connected Do not leave long sensor cables on the dground AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 22Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Right

24、s Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Dirty Connectors Connector Degradation Measurement Connector Degradation, Measurement Repeatability, Accuracy, Connector Life I Inspect connectors Every 20 connectionsy Inspect sensor and device connectors for signs of damage and wearsi

25、gns of damage and wear Dirt and Metal Flakes AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 23Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Visual Inspection Damage and dirt can significantly degrade Damage and dirt can significantly degrade rep

26、eatability and accuracy G ldl t dfi lliti Gold plated surfaces are especially sensitive to connector damage Dents, burrs, metal particles, rough spots, and damaged threads Bent or damaged inner conductor Never use a damaged connector Never use a damaged connector AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 24C

27、opyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Visual Inspection If the connector has the following: Deep scratches Deep scratches Dents Particles clinging to mating plane surfaces Uneven wear Clean connector and re-inspect AN-9909 G

28、iga-tronics Sensor Care 25Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts First StepFirst Step Compressed Air Filtered Vapor and Oil FreeVapor and Oil Free 60 PSI High velocity air can generate Electrostatic fftthteffects on the connectors AN-9909 Gi

29、ga-tronics Sensor Care 26Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Second Step Cotton Swab moistened with Isopropyl Alcoholwith Isopropyl Alcohol Clean outer surfaces only Do not saturate the swab with Isopropyl Alcoholwith Iso

30、propyl Alcohol Never make contact with the inner conductor! AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 27Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Third Step Lint free cloth wrapped around an applicatoraround an applicator Moisten only D

31、o not saturate the cloth i hllh lwith Isopropyl Alcohol Never make contact with the centerNever make contact with the center conductor! AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 28Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Center Conduct

32、or Use EXTREME caution Moisten cloth withMoisten cloth with Isopropyl Alcohol Never apply pressure to inner conductor AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 29Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Cleaning Sensor Contacts Donts Use Acetone Methanol or CF

33、Cs Use Acetone, Methanol or CFC s Overuse Isopropyl Alcohol Wet any plastic parts (dielectrics) in connectors Make contact with the center conductor Use a swab larger than the gap between theUse a swab larger than the gap between the inner and outer conductors Blow on a connector Blow on a connector

34、 AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 30Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Tightening a Sensor Connector Align the sensor connector straight in line ithtiditwith mating device connector Turn the Connector Body Onlyyy Never turn the sensor body or so

35、urce connectorconnector Gold plating wear Hold the sensor stable while connecting and disconnecting the sensorg AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 31Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Tightening a Sensor Connector Too much torque will damage a sen

36、sor connectorconnector Use a Torque Wrench whenever possible Tighten using thumb and forefinger only Recommended Torqueq Type N12 15 in-lbs. Type K8 in-lbsType K8 in-lbs. AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 32Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Physical Care and Handling Conn

37、ector Torque Never use wrenches or pliers to tighten connectorconnector Use “Soft Jaw” Pliers and Channel Locks t“ tk”tlto remove “stuck” connectors only AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 33Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. | 800.726.4442 | g g|ppg g AN-9909 Giga-tronics Sensor Care 34 Copyright 2009 Giga-tronics Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.